Paper in ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics (1990) “The ThingWorld modeling system: Virtual Sculpting by Modal Forces”
We describe a real-time solid modeling system that is based on the physical analogy of forming clay by applying forces. The system is implemented by simulating real materials as they react to user-supplied forces. Unlike other physically-based modeling approaches, the Thingworld system allows the user to restrict forming action to simple global deformations during the initial “roughing in” phase of modeling, and then later concern themselves with detailing.